Things That Shouldn’t Be Archived #3 — The Year In Review
31 December 2009
But then again, it had a good beat and I could dance to it…
AVP Holiday Card – 2009
31 December 2009
Artwork by Stephanie Housley from Coral & Tusk
| The illustration on the front of this card celebrates the 70th Anniversary of the introduction of television to the public, which took place in Flushing Meadows, New York at the 1939 World’s Fair. Under the banner of “Building the World of Tomorrow”, over 45 million people visited the Fair with sights set on leaving the Great Depression behind and catching glimpses of a hopeful tomorrow.RCA used the event to launch the first four models of television receivers made available to the public. The one depicted on the front is the TRK-12, the top of the line model featuring a 12-inch screen and selling for $600. The Cathode Ray Tube, or CRT, was mounted vertically in the cabinet and an angled mirror reflected the image from the screen for viewers. In coordination with this release and the opening of the Fair, April 30th, 1939 brought about the making of television broadcast history with the launch of the first regularly scheduled programming on W2XBS (which later became WNBC). Visitors to the Fair were given the opportunity to be televised. Exemplifying the absence of video recording, as proof of being televised visitors were given an official RCA paper card stating their name and the date of the broadcast.With the exception of adding color and standards, television, broadcasting and video signals remained relatively unaltered from 1939 to recent times. However, in the past few years dramatic change has occurred. June of 2009 brought about the end of analog television broadcast in the USA, concluding its 70-year stretch. Also facing obsolescence are the CRT, standard definition and interlace scanning, being replaced by flat displays, high definition and progressive scanning. The evolution presents challenging preservation and access issues for caretakers of legacy video.One could have hardly overestimated the dramatic and permanent impact that broadcast television technology has had on world events since its inception. Regardless of your views on the quality of most TV programming today, on a whole it arguably provides the richest and potentially most accessible record of human undertakings over the last century. Our duty now is to preserve that record using current and advancing technologies. Access to history and learning from it is one of the ways we can ensure that all of our New Years are better than the years before. |
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Library Of Congress Releases 2009 National Film Registry
30 December 2009
While you were busy comparison shopping between a Kindle and a Nook this past month, paper books were still being published, including Daniel Eagan’s America’s Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry. He spoke about his review of the first 500 films to be placed on the National Film Registry on WNYC’s On The Media last week:
The U.S. doesn’t have the mandatory repository system that many other nations do, so institutions and mechanisms like the National Registries and the National Preservation Boards are extremely important for identifying significant works and making sure that they are cared for. As is mentioned in the interview, one never knows what or when a work will become considered culturally significant, and many of the films on the registry are orphan or non-commercial works (and for the sake of underlining the extra special attention these kinds of works need we’ll pretend for a minute that all studios have always preserved their productions to the utmost). Without the support and interest generated by inclusion on the Registry, many of these films would remain at high risk for loss.
Of course this is the fun part of preservation — the lists and the memories and the amazement and the arguments over what is important or the best. This is what helps expose our work to the wider public, but it’s important to remember that the National Film and National Recording Preservation Boards are doing a lot of other work that needs support. They help establish standards and best practices for archiving and preservation; they conduct reports on the state of the field; they interact with Congress to garner more funding and support or adopt laws and acts that make our work easier. Archives can be decidedly local, but staying aware of or involved with what these national institutions are doing is one step towards becoming a better advocate and custodian for a collection.
— Joshua Ranger
TCB
28 December 2009
I’m rather embarrassed to say that over the long holiday weekend I spent one night rubbing mineral oil into the wooden handles of my silverware and into my wooden cooking utensils. I’m not sure whether I’m more embarrassed of the fact that this was what I chose to do on a night off with the whole city out there waiting for me, or whether it’s because I’m ashamed it took me several months to get around to doing this task.
As the old saw goes, a cobbler’s children go shoeless and a doctor’s wife dies young. After spending all day focused in on proper care and handling, persistence, and preservation treatment, those become the things I want to set aside briefly as I decompress from the workday. And of course we all tend to face the same struggle at home as we do at work of trying to find the resources (time & energy) to take care of everything that needs to be done.
But, rested from a day off and caught up on my Google Procrastinator (read: Google Reader) because the posts had slowed down for the weekend, I finally set out my materials and got to work. It turned out to be rather enjoyable — satisfying to get something done and the wood looks quite nice now.
This could be a quaint little lesson about the joy of doing work, but instead what I was thinking about while oiling was how this set of silverware was one of the first objects I owned that really called for this level of care. Maybe it’s a generational thing, but I feel I grew up (and still live) in a disposables culture. Affordable material objects are not typically designed to last for very long. They are cheap and easy to produce and therefore eminently replaceable. Even higher priced objects like computers, furniture, and cars are thought of as short term, something one will want to update in 2-5 years.**
My great fear is that this kind of attitude has expanded to how people treat media objects. After decades of getting used to mass produced video and audiocassettes, CDs, and DVDs that seem to have no intrinsic value, or thinking about born-digital content and storage as an unending resource do we stop thinking about them as something that needs care and attention? Not saying that everything needs to be prioritized to a preservation level, but might people’s habits in how they treat the widespread, everyday non-archival items creep into how everything is treated?
Preservation and archiving are a series of proactive efforts as well as a mindset. As I find in distance running, it’s not the physical act that is difficult; it is overcoming the mental barriers to get myself out to run that is the hardest part. There are many standards and best practices in place for the what and how of archiving and preservation that are easy enough to access and implement. Perhaps we should begin to consider the mental approach and assessment of our work actions as requiring an equal amount of focus in order to better serve our valued assets.
— Joshua Ranger
**Yes, in audiovisual preservation the content carrier will need to be replaced on a regular schedule, but that doesn’t mean the current instantiation can be mistreated because it won’t be around long term.
Things That Shouldn’t Be Archived #2 — The Year In Review
23 December 2009
The eternal conflict is whether these things shouldn’t be archived due to their culture-eroding awfulness or whether they should be archived as a warning to future generations. Perhaps file it under Things Their Creator Wishes Weren’t Archived: The promotional video for Microsoft’s Songsmith, possibly the least essential software of 2009 (if one discounts the majority of the iPhone App Store content):
–2009 has been a hard slog in many sectors. Why did Microsoft have to go and make it even worse?–
It’s like karaoke, but without well-written songs, alcohol, friends, and fun. Oh Yeah!
— Joshua “Jazz Hands” Ranger
Holiday Movies 2009
22 December 2009
I reckon ’tis the season and all, but lots of people I run into are talking about their favorite holiday movies right around now. I’ve been noticing more and more the past few years that the pool of these favorites tends to be growing, and at a much faster rate than the production of new “holiday-themed” films.
I remember when films on television were singular events, especially when associated with a certain day. We watched The Wizard of Oz every year because that’s what was showing on Thanksgiving besides football and the Macy’s parade. However, with the expansion of cable and the growth in means of access to home viewing options like DVD and on-demand video there seem to be fewer and fewer points of common reference for such a topic. I don’t know if my nephew got his Oz on this year or if he watched something like Dragonball Z Saves Happy Turkey Day.
This reminds of the several literature professors I had in college who lamented the fact that there was no common reference for speaking about literature anymore, that they could not rely on their students having read any Jane Austen or Moby Dick or having any kind of Biblical literacy. They had to start from scratch in order to teach texts that relied on having knowledge of precedent or contemporary texts.
But culture moves on. Fashion has changed! Is this issue really a problem, or am I just being a Medieval fuddy-duddy? Can the non-canonical exist without reference to and knowledge of the canon? Or is that too limiting to free culture?
I have my own answers to these questions, but I feel they are topics best reserved for discussing over a pitcher of eggnog, for disagreeing just to be able to talk in depth about a topic one loves. And besides, I can’t complain because Hitchcock has always been my holiday/special event go to for movies.
Happy Holidays!
— Joshua Ranger
Top 10 Audio/Visual File Formats Established In The Aughts
18 December 2009
10. www.fileinfo.com lists 202 video file formats.
9. They also list 337 audio file formats.
8. These numbers do not take into consideration the different release versions of each format.
7. Nor do they begin to approach the number of variable applications of codexes, settings, and other options.
6. An archivist may run into any one of these permutations some day, and will have to deal with the common, the obscure, and the obsolete equally to figure out how to make them accessible and maintain that accessibility.
5. There is no great joy for the archivist in the continual establishment of new file formats.
4. But you needn’t be caught flat-footed.
3. Having a plan in place for the ingest, monitoring, and migration of digital collections will help you control the process rather than feeling controlled by virtual strings.
2. Be prepared to address What Was? What Now? What Next?
1. And there are great resources to help you establish best practices and manage your digital collection:
- Library of Congress Sustainability of Digital Formats & NDIIPP
- Preserving Access to Digital Information (PADI)
- AES Technical Committee on Archiving, Restoration and Digital Libraries
- And more in our Links page and throughout avpreserve.com.
— Joshua Ranger
AVPS Releases Their 2009 Holiday Card
18 December 2009
AudioVisual Preservation Solutions released its fourth annual original greeting card for the 2009 holiday season. The 2009 card features an illustration of the RCA TRK-12, the top of the line model of the first televisions made available to the public. The card commemorates the 70th anniversary of RCA’s public release as well as that of the 1939 World’s Fair in New York where the first televisions were on display.
The 2008 holiday card features a laser-cut illustration representing four frames of film in recognition of the significance of moving image film in our culture.
As in past years, the cards are inspired by the field that we work in and its history. As audiovisual media becomes a more ingrained part of society, we often forget the moments of origin or the amazing advancements they represented. The original art work is created by Stephanie Housley, a New York based artist/designer.
We are pleased to send these greetings to our clients and all of the other members of our community who are dedicated to the preservation of our audiovisual heritage. We are especially delighted to note that we often see the cards posted in the archives we work in long after the holiday season has ended.
To see the 2008 and 2009 holiday cards click here:
https://www.avpreserve.com/uncategorized/avps-holiday-cards-2008-09/
To see the 2006 and 2007 holiday cards click here:
https://www.avpreserve.com/uncategorized/avps-holiday-cards/
Making A Better Good Enough
17 December 2009
This past weekend’s Times Sunday Magazine had a list of the top innovations of 2009. An interesting twist here was that these included not only physical / mechanical inventions, but also new concepts or changes in ways of thinking. One that especially caught my eye was the concept of “Good Enough is the New Great” (second down in the G’s). It seemed true enough that, with the huge expansion in available audio and video digital recorders and formats, we’ve gone through a shift in what we consider acceptable a/v quality and that we often care more about having access to information than we do about the aesthetics of the deliverable.
However, I started thinking about this in terms of my own work with audiovisual materials and quickly realized that this is not actually an innovative concept, that archivists have long been working under the rubric of Good Enough. The whole idea of an access copy is itself creating a good enough copy for users. Also, we have always struggled with availability of resources, with the restrictions that original or destination formats have, and with sudden technological shifts that promote obsolescence. Because of these and other factors, our choices in archiving and preservation often end up as The Best Option at the Time, which can sometimes seem like only Good Enough.
We as archivists also know that Good Enough is not a new thing to the wider public. We are the ones who have to deal with maintaining the media that has been created, and part of the reason we are forced into The Best Option is because of how often the media creator has settled for Good Enough or defaulted to Good Enough because they didn’t make proper adjustments to settings, lighting, format options, etc. Sure we prefer to preserve the best quality and longest lasting version of an asset, but we can only work with what we are given and are limited by the destination options available.
But this should not lead to a defeatist attitude; we should continue to take our higher responsibilities and standards seriously. This is why I say we do The Best Option at the Time, not Good Enough, because the ethics and standards of our field should not allow us to settle.
These responsibilities lie in three main areas:
- Research: Get educated in best practices that one should strive to follow. There is more and more research and resource availability that will help one to decide what the Best Options are.
- Maintenance: Keep abreast of changes to standards, practices, format availability, obsolescence, and other factors that will affect the persistence of audiovisual materials or how our work is done.
- Education: Not just our own education, but also the education of others in our organizations and the general public. If they understand what we do and the challenges we face, and if they understand how their actions affect the long term preservation of their creations, our work will have even better Best Options available.
Creator, User, Archivist – we’re all in this together. Good Enough is a good enough access standard, but it is not a preservation standard, and as always, we need to be cautious of the former trickling down into the latter.
— Joshua Ranger
Top 10 Media Preservation Related Standards Established In The Aughts
16 December 2009
Archivists have to know a lot. Probably a lot more small details than any one person can keep in mind. (Do you have all of the Kodak edge codes memorized?) Standards, guidelines, and best practices provide necessary reference and give a structure to our work that we need. Staying updated on new or changing standards is a requirement of performing our work to the best quality possible — and one needs something to do while waiting for the next season of Mad Men to come out on DVD.
Life would be a lot easier if this standard had been around since the beginning of the production of magnetic materials.
9. ISO 15707, Information and documentation – International Standard Musical Work Code (ISWC)
The ease of tracking works, rights, and licensing as well as improving wider access is dependent on consistent metadata applied by or available to all stakeholders. Perhaps this (and prior, pre-computing efforts) is why music has always seemed easier to find and license than moving images.
8. ISO 12234-2:2007, Electronic still-picture imaging — Removable memory — Part 1
Where would our culture be without the easy dissemination of embarrassing photos on Facebook?
Few people seem to have that visceral love for magnetic tape the way they do for film, but the advances in preservation standards for tape have been equally impressive if not equally trumpeted as for film.
6. ISO 18934:2006, Imaging Materials – Multiple media Archives – Storage Environment
Though there have been many advancements in identifying the correct storage environments for all types of materials, no archival collection is a format island. The reality of the mixed-format collection where there are conflicting standards for ideal storage environments needs a sensible, viable solution for an overall standard that applies to all but the outliers.
5. NISO: A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections
Often times standards or best practices are playing catch up to establish solutions to long standing problems. The rate of fluctuation around issues regarding digital assets doesn’t allow a wait and see attitude. Preserving digital materials requires proactive efforts to ensure their persistence beyond the immediate future.
4. Sound Directions: Best Practices for Audio Preservation, Mike Casey & Bruce Gordon
Just one of the many great resources to come out of the Sound Directions project. They should probably write a best practices document for how to develop and run funded research projects that is based on their experiences.
3. IASA-TC 03, The Safeguarding of the Audio Heritage: Ethics, Principles and Preservation Strategy & IASA-TC 04, Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Objects
See description for #1.
2. ANSI/NISO Z39.87 – Data Dictionary – Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images
The basis of the Metadata for Images in XML (MIX) Schema which is a model for good digital collection management. Storage, migration, and access of materials rely in part on standardized, interchangeable metadata.
1. Audiovisual Archiving: Philosophy and Principles, Ray Edmondson & Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS), Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
Archiving and preservation dictate technical standards and ethical standards. We cannot provide one without taking factors of the other into consideration. Like a 70s supergroup, these documents combine both as individuals and compliment each other as a duo.
— Joshua Ranger
